Kenya Prepares for New Generation Z Protests: Origins and Context Explained
As Kenya observes the second anniversary of its Gen Z protests, the country stands at a poignant crossroads, grappling with the echoes of struggle and a staunch demand for justice. This movement, spurred by economic injustices and disillusionment with government accountability, illustrates the power of young voices in a rapidly evolving political landscape. With renewed demonstrations anticipated this week, Kenyans are set to reflect on both past sacrifices and the ongoing quest for reform.
Thousands of people in Kenya are preparing for demonstrations on Thursday to mark the second anniversary of the Gen Z protests, a movement that has come to symbolize the aspirations and frustrations of a generation. Over 120 individuals lost their lives during these protests two years ago, which were catalyzed by a controversial tax bill introduced in 2024. Young protesters, identified as “Gen Z,” mobilized against the rising costs of living, unemployment, and pervasive government corruption, aiming to unseat President William Ruto.
Although their efforts did not result in regime change, the protests succeeded in prompting the government to reconsider certain taxation policies. Nonetheless, experts indicate that the underlying issues, such as economic inequality, remain unresolved. The anniversary commemorated last year turned violent, with security forces clashing with demonstrators and resulting in more than 60 fatalities. This year, the Ruto administration has taken a tough stance on protests, implementing heightened police presence in anticipation of Thursday’s demonstrations, which are expected to take place in key urban centers, including Nairobi.
Gen Z protests have emerged as a defining feature of modern civil resistance, utilizing social media for organization rather than traditional activist structures. These movements often target issues like inequality and perceived governmental failures, with many leading protests related to climate action, social justice, and economic reform on a global scale. Kenya’s Gen Z protests, which began in 2024, continue to resonate profoundly across the nation.
The protests were ignited by a finance bill aimed at generating an additional .7 billion in tax revenue. Following the passage of the controversial legislation on June 25, 2024, demonstrators resorted to storming parliament, illustrating the depth of public outrage. President Ruto, whose election was built on a populist agenda appealing to disadvantaged youth, ultimately repealed the bill amid mounting pressure, even as state repression continued.
The protests re-emerged the subsequent year during memorials for lives lost during protests, further intensified by the death of blogger Albert Ojwang in police custody, rekindling public dissent against police brutality and demands for accountability. As tensions simmer, recent memorial gatherings have called upon the government to reflect on the suffering endured by Kenyans during these turbulent times.
This year, the government’s introduction of the Finance Act, 2026, is framed by Ruto as a vehicle for economic investment and growth. However, in light of rising discontent, opposition leaders have urged Kenyans to participate in remembrance services and peaceful demonstrations. Calls for unity against perceived tyranny have created an atmosphere of anticipation for the upcoming commemorations.
Last week, President Ruto announced a compensation fund of nearly million for victims of violence during protests between 2017 and 2025, acknowledging some harm had occurred but stopping short of issuing a formal apology. Critics have since expressed skepticism over the sincerity of these actions, demanding substantive justice rather than financial reparations alone.
While the government has pledged oversight of accountability for past injustices, there remains a palpable sense of distrust among the public, particularly given the numerous disappearances of government critics during the tumultuous period of 2024 to 2025. Local and global human rights groups have raised alarm over state violence, asserting the need for thorough investigations into alleged abuses.
As Kenyans prepare to take to the streets once more, the struggle for justice and equality remains at the forefront of national consciousness, with citizens steadfastly determined to hold their government accountable for its actions.
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