Key Events Leading to Madagascar’s Military Coup Explained
Madagascar’s military has officially taken control of the government, marking a significant shift in the nation’s political landscape. This development follows the departure of President Andry Rajoelina, who fled the country amid rising tensions and widespread protests. The coup, announced by a high-ranking military official, has drawn attention to the country’s ongoing struggles with inadequate public services and economic hardship, which have fueled public discontent.
The unrest in Madagascar escalated over the past few weeks as citizens, particularly youth, rallied against chronic power and water outages, rampant poverty, and government corruption. According to the World Bank, approximately 75% of Madagascar’s population of nearly 30 million lives in poverty, which has exacerbated frustration towards Rajoelina’s administration. As protests intensified, security forces initially launched a violent crackdown resulting in numerous casualties, reportedly leaving at least 22 individuals dead and over 100 injured.
Amidst these protests emerged a youth-led movement, identified as “Gen Z Madagascar”, which has gained momentum drawing inspiration from recent youth-led uprisings in regions such as Nepal and Sri Lanka. While labor unions and civic groups have joined the protests, the grassroots nature of the demonstration has been highlighted by the participants, who maintain that there is no single leader of the movement.
A pivotal turn occurred over the weekend when Colonel Michael Randrianirina and his elite CAPSAT military unit sided with the demonstrators in Antananarivo, the capital. Tensions escalated as some soldiers engaged in gunfire with gendarmerie forces loyal to Rajoelina, resulting in additional disturbances and loss of life. On Tuesday, jubilant protesters celebrated as military personnel confirmed their takeover, claiming the support of multiple military factions in their bid for power.
In a chaotic turn of events, Rajoelina attempted to address the nation from a secure location after fleeing his palace, citing a threat to his life. His efforts to reassert control were met with resistance, as lawmakers prepared articles for impeachment. Shortly after the announcement of the military takeover, Randrianirina indicated that the armed forces would establish a transitional council composed of military leaders to facilitate the formation of a new civilian government.
Rumors have emerged regarding Rajoelina’s escape, suggesting that he was flown to safety aboard a French military aircraft, prompting scrutiny over France’s involvement in the situation. French President Emmanuel Macron has emphasized France’s commitment to the Malagasy people while refraining from confirming specific details regarding Rajoelina’s extraction.
As Madagascar grapples with its current crisis, the transition into a new era remains uncertain, with many citizens hopeful for change but wary of a return to past political instability.
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